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Journal of Vacation Marketing
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Branding the nation: What is being branded?

Ying Fan

Brunel Business School, Brunel University, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK Tel: + 44 (0)1895 265277 ying.fan{at}brunel.ac.uk

Nation branding and nation brand are two different concepts. A nation has a brand image with or without nation branding. This paper examines the concept of nation branding, focusing on the central question of what is being branded. It differentiates nation branding from product branding, and draws comparisons between nation branding and productcountry image. Paradoxical issues around the concept and the wider context in which nation branding can be applied are also discussed. More research is needed to find out if and how nation branding could help economic development in a country. As many other non-marketing factors also affect a nation's image, the role played by nation branding may turn out to be only a modest one.

Key Words: nation branding • country branding • country-of-origin effect • productcountry image • place marketing

Journal of Vacation Marketing, Vol. 12, No. 1, 5-14 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/1356766706056633
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G. McCartney, R. Butler, and M. Bennett
Positive tourism image perceptions attract travellers -- fact or fiction? The case of Beijing visitors to Macao
Journal of Vacation Marketing, April 1, 2009; 15(2): 179 - 193.
[Abstract] [PDF]